Skip to main content

Looking for Valuant? You are in the right place!

Valuant is now Abrigo, giving you a single source to Manage Risk and Drive Growth

Make yourself at home – we hope you enjoy your new web experience.

Looking for DiCOM? You are in the right place!

DiCOM Software is now part of Abrigo, giving you a single source to Manage Risk and Drive Growth. Make yourself at home – we hope you enjoy your new web experience.

Looking for TPG Software? You are in the right place!

TPG Software is now part of Abrigo. You can continue to count on the world-class Investment Accounting software and services you’ve come to expect, plus all that Abrigo has to offer.

Make yourself at home – we hope you enjoy being part of our community.

CECL audit & exam expectations

Mary Ellen Biery
July 11, 2025
Read Time: 0 min
board members around a conference room table

Model governance, Q factors are a focus of auditors

A panel of CECL audit experts said model governance, qualitative factors, and sensitivity analysis will be on auditor and examiners' minds in the coming months.

Key topics covered in this post: 

Reviewers expect ongoing attention to the CECL model

CECL isn’t a one-and-done exercise.  

Banks and credit unions can expect auditors and examiners to review a variety of issues related to the current expected credit loss (CECL) model.  

Speaking at Abrigo’s recent ThinkBIG conference, a panel of CECL and portfolio risk accounting experts said financial institutions should prepare for examiners and auditors to look for evidence that an institution: 

  • Reviews its model and assumptions 
  • Documents and justifies changes  
  • Can support reserve adequacy in various conditions  

They also recommended best practices related to stress testing, qualitative factors, and merging loss estimates in acquisitions. 

Learn more about CECL model governance in this on-demand webinar

WATCH WEBINAR

Auditors focus on CECL model governance 

Allison Tanju, Assurance Quality Leader at FORVIS, noted that auditors’ attention on CECL post-implementation may focus on different areas than earlier, though it hasn’t necessarily lessened. 

“I wish I could say it got easier… but I’ve seen more of a shift,” she said.  

Auditors during implementation focused on model selection and documentation for an institution’s choice. Now, the scrutiny is tied to model governance, including assumptions and whether the model put in place four years ago or two years ago remains reasonable. After all, COVID and other aspects of the economy, mergers and acquisitions, and other factors may have had an impact on what’s driving losses. “Are your peer groups still the same? What you were you using for your loss drivers --- is that still the same?” she asked. 

Panelists recommended setting a regular schedule for management to review methodology and assumptions, then documenting what changed, why, and why those decisions are reasonable.  

"You need a management team that's challenging what's going into it, your existing process, and whether changes need to be made,” said Mark Scriven, Principal with Elliott Davis.  

Even if assumptions stay the same, documenting board minutes, committee deliberations, and decision logs of management’s rationale will demonstrate “ownership” and make for a smoother review by auditors and examiners. “The optics of saying nothing, it kind of indicates a little smoke,” said Neekis Hammond, Abrigo Vice President of Advisory Services. “And where there's smoke, there's fire.” 

Examiner expectations on stress testing 

Stress testing and sensitivity analysis are also part of sound model governance.  

Scriven noted that even as much as seven years ago, some exam reports on the asset/liability management side were focused on model risk, model governance, and making sure management understood key assumptions and were running those through sensitivity analyses or stress tests. “I think it’s only a matter of time until they really turn to CECL and expect to see some of that,” he said.  

Panelists also said taking such a proactive approach is a strategic exercise to gauge reserve adequacy under severe conditions, use in budgeting, and align forecasts across the enterprise.  

Qualitative factors: Focus and justify ahead of audits

Qualitative factors can materially affect allowances, so examiners and auditors expect institutions to document the process in place that justifies the number of basis points being assigned to qualitative factors, Scriven said. 

Another best practice for CECL qualitative factors, or Q factors, is sensitivity testing and understanding what each Q factor does to your model—especially if there’s more management judgment involved and it’s not as quantitatively driven, Tanju said.  

Double-counting an input with a qualitative factor when it’s already built into the model is another issue to guard against. “If you have an economic forecast built into your CECL model up front, you want to make sure you don’t then kind of layer on top an additional forecast model,” said Sara Paxton, Crowe Senior Manager. A Q factor, however, could forecast a different assumption. For example, if the quantitative model includes unemployment trends but not GDP trends, you might be able to bring in some GDP forecasting with Q factors. 

 “It’s just really understanding the inputs and what’s moving the needle on the quantitative model before you really start doubling up,” she said. 

Financial institutions should consider all nine Q factors listed in interagency guidance, but that doesn’t mean they have to incorporate them all. “Consider? Yes, you need to consider, but that doesn’t mean you need to make an adjustment or change,” said Anthony Porter, who is Partner at Moss Adams.  

Instead, the panel said institutions should identify the meaningful qualitative factors, quantify their basis-point effects, and maintain a clear audit trail for each adjustment. 

CECL impacts on mergers 

With deal approvals appearing to be more streamlined, regulators are relying more on management’s due diligence, which gives merger teams less runway to gather and document CECL-related due diligence, panelists said.  

“We don't think that the regulators' expectations have changed really at all,” Paxton said.  

Acquisitive financial institutions should keep in mind several considerations related to CECL. Merging two institutions often means merging two credit loss estimates, but without clear segmentation, assumptions can get muddled and critical differences (such as geography or product mix) might be overlooked. Peer groups, drivers of loss, and Q factors might be different, too. 

Knowing what’s in the portfolio being acquired and how it is different will be vital to avoid roadblocks late in the deal process.  

“I've seen deals where the acquiring institution thought CECL would be kind of an afterthought as it pertains to the acquirer, and literally, the deal had to go back to the drawing board because when they ran through their model, did their due diligence, it blew up the metrics on the deal completely,” Porter said.  

“You can’t just bring loans into your existing model and let them settle,” Hammond said. “There’s some work to do.” 

Another merger-related consideration to remember is that determining the ongoing post-deal allowance estimate and “day one” credit marks are distinct calculations. Some institutions assume they are the same, which can result in surprises late in the deal. Working with a  trusted valuation team experienced in exit pricing will help ensure everyone is on the same page regarding fair value trends and ongoing impacts to the financial statement.  

Let our CECL advisors help with model governance, Q factors, or allowance calculations.

Learn more
About the Author

Mary Ellen Biery

Senior Strategist & Content Manager
Mary Ellen Biery is Senior Strategist & Content Manager at Abrigo, where she works with advisors and other experts to develop whitepapers, original research, and other resources that help financial institutions drive growth and manage risk. A former equities reporter for Dow Jones Newswires whose work has been published in

Full Bio

About Abrigo

Abrigo enables U.S. financial institutions to support their communities through technology that fights financial crime, grows loans and deposits, and optimizes risk. Abrigo's platform centralizes the institution's data, creates a digital user experience, ensures compliance, and delivers efficiency for scale and profitable growth.

Make Big Things Happen.